Traumebehandling gjennom bilder: En metasyntese av klienters erfaringer med kunstterapi

En betydelig andel av befolkningen opplever potensielt traumatiserende hendelser, som utgjør en trussel mot liv eller helse. For noen vil dette medføre psykologiske og somatiske reaksjoner og symptomer. Traumehendelsen kan ha overskredet personens integrative kapasitet, og sensoriske, emosjonelle og kognitive komponenter kan dermed lagres som løsrevede fragmenter. Emosjonell dysregulering og dissosiasjon kan være vanlige reaksjoner i etterkant. Kunstterapi kan antas å være en relevant behandlingsform for symptomene, blant annet på grunn av traumeminnenes overveldende og ikke-språklige karakter. Dette legger grunnlag for problemstillingen: Hvordan opplever personer med traumeerfaring kunstterapi som behandlingsmetode? Spørsmålet ble belyst gjennom forskningsmetoden kvalitativ metasyntese. Systematisk litteratursøk resulterte i syv inkluderte artikler, hvorav identifiserte hovedtemaer var: 1. Kunstterapi skaper rom til å forholde seg til fortid, og 2. Kunstterapi gir tilgang til nye måter å respondere på. Resultatene viste at et visuelt og eksternt uttrykk kan bidra til gradvis eksponering for traumeerfaringer. I tillegg kan visuelle og metaforiske aspekter ved behandlingen bidra til å tilgjengeliggjøre og uttrykke minnefragmenter som er lagret ikke-verbalt og subkortikalt. En dialektisk tilnærming, bestående av visuelle uttrykk og verbal forståelse, kan utgjøre en prosess der minnefragmenter gradvis integreres. Videre kan det utforskende og skapende aspektet ved kunstterapi, bidra til å fremme ressurser og identitet.A significant proportion of the population experiences potentially traumatizing events that pose a threat to life or health. For some, this will entail both psychological and somatic reactions and symptoms. The traumatic event may have exceeded the person's integrative capacity, where sensory, emotional and cognitive components might be stored as detached fragments. Emotional dysregulation and dissociation may be common symptoms afterwards. Art therapy can be assumed to be a relevant form of treatment for these reactions, partly due to the non-linguistic nature of the traumatic memories. This forms the basis for the problem statement: How do people with trauma exposure experience art therapy as a treatment method? The question was elucidated using the research method qualitative metasynthesis. A systematic literature search resulted in seven included articles, wherein the main themes identified were: 1. Art therapy creates space to be able to relate to the past, and 2. Art therapy provides access to new ways of responding. The results showed that a visual and external expression can contribute to a graduated exposure to trauma experiences. In addition, visual and metaphorical aspects of the treatment may help accessing and expressing fragments of memory that are stored non-verbally and subcortically. A dialectic approach, consisting of visual expression and verbal understanding, may constitute a process in which memory fragments are gradually integrated. Furthermore, the exploratory and creative aspect can help emphasize resources and identity.Hovedoppgave psykologprogrammetPROPSY317PRPSY

Impact of Drilling Operations on Lunar Volatiles Capture: Thermal Vacuum Tests

In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) enables future planetary exploration by using local resources to supply mission consumables. This idea of 'living off the land' has the potential to reduce mission cost and risk. On the moon, water has been identified as a potential resource (for life support or propellant) at the lunar poles, where it exists as ice in the subsurface. However, the depth and content of this resource has yet to be confirmed on the ground; only remote detection data exists. The upcoming Resource Prospector mission (RP) will 'ground-truth' the water using a rover, drill, and the RESOLVE science package. As the 2020 planned mission date nears, component level hardware is being tested in relevant lunar conditions (thermal vacuum). In August 2014 a series of drilling tests were performed using the Honeybee Robotics Lunar Prospecting Drill inside a 'dirty' thermal vacuum chamber at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The drill used a unique auger design to capture and retain the lunar regolith simulant. The goal of these tests was to investigate volatiles (water) loss during drilling and sample transfer to a sample crucible in order to validate this regolith sampling method. Twelve soil samples were captured over the course of two tests at pressures of 10(exp-5) Torr and ambient temperatures between -80C to -20C. Each sample was obtained from a depth of 40 cm to 50 cm within a cryogenically frozen bed of NU-LHT-3M lunar regolith simulant doped with 5 wt% water. Upon acquisition, each sample was transferred and hermetically sealed inside a crucible. The samples were later baked out to determine water wt% and in turn volatile loss by following ASTM standard practices. Of the twelve tests, four sealed properly and lost an average of 30% of their available water during drilling and transfer. The variability in the results correlated well with ambient temperature (lower the temperature lower volatiles loss) and the trend agreed with the sublimation rates for the same temperature. Moisture retention also correlated with quantity of sample: a larger amount of material resulted in less water loss. The drilling process took an average of 10 minutes to capture and transfer each sample. The drilling power was approximately 20 Watt with a Weight on Bit of approximately 30 N. The bit temperature indicated little heat input into formation during the drilling process

The impact of infectious disease specialist consultation for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: A systematic review

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of severe bloodstream infection.We performed a systematic review to assess whether consultation with infectious disease specialists decreased all-cause mortality or rate of complications of S aureus bloodstream infections. The review also assessed parameters associated with the quality of management of the infection. We searched for eligible studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and clinical trials.gov as well as the references of included studies. We identified 22 observational studies and 1 study protocol for a randomized trial. A meta-analysis was not performed because of the high risk of bias in the included studies. The outcomes are reported in a narrative review. Most included studies reported survival benefit, in the adjusted analysis. Recommended management strategies were carried out significantly more often among patients seen by an infectious disease specialist. Trials, such as cluster-randomized controlled trials, can more validly assess the studies at low risk of bias.© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact [email protected]

Effect of grassland cutting frequency, species mixture, wilting and fermentation pattern of grass silages on in vitro methane yield

Mitigating enteric methane (CH4) emissions is crucial as ruminants account for 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. We hypothesised that less frequent harvesting, use of crops with lower WSC concentration, ensiling at low crop dry matter (DM) and extensive lactic acid fermentation would reduce in vitro CH4 production. Timothy (T), timothy + red clover mixture (T + RC) or perennial ryegrass (RG), cut either two or three times per season, was wilted to 22.5% or 37.5% DM and ensiled with or without formic acid-based additive. Silages were analysed for chemical composition and fermentation products. In vitro CH4 production was measured using an automated gas in vitro system. Methane production was, on average, 2.8 mL/g OM lower in the two-cut system than in the three-cut system (P < 0.001), and 1.9 mL/g OM lower in T than in RG (P < 0.001). Silage DM did not affect CH4 production (P = 0.235), but formic acid increased CH4 production by 1.2 mL/g OM compared to the untreated silage (P = 0.003). In conclusion, less frequent harvesting and extensive silage fermentation reduce in vitro CH4 production, while RG in comparison to T resulted in higher production of CH4.Effect of grassland cutting frequency, species mixture, wilting and fermentation pattern of grass silages on in vitro methane yieldpublishedVersio

Hvordan kan sykepleier under sykehusoppholdet forberede barn med nyoppdaget diabetes type 1 til å mestre den nye hverdagen?

Bakgrunn: I Norge er det om lag 400 barn under 18 år som diagnostiseres med diabetes type 1 hvert år. Barn er en pasientgruppe vi ønsker å lære mer om. Vi ønsker videre å fokusere på hvordan vi gjennom veiledning og undervisning, kan forberede barn på å mestre det nye livet etter diagnostisering. Hensikt: Hensikten med denne oppgaven er å få økt kunnskap om barns erfaringer med nyoppdaget diabetes type 1 og hvordan sykepleier kan bidra til at barna kan mestre den nye hverdagen. Metode: Vi har foretatt en integrativ litteraturstudie og valgt ut fem vitenskapelige forskningsartikler. Alle artiklene er kvalitative studier som vi har analysert med Friberg sin analysemodell. Funnene som ble gjort i analysen er koblet opp mot teori og egne refleksjoner. Resultater: Resultatene viser til fire hovedfunn knyttet til barns erfaringer ved nyoppdaget diabetes 1. Det første er viktigheten av god undervisning og veiledning. Andre hovedfunn inkluderer utfordringene ved å lære å kjenne høyt og lavt blodsukker. I tredje hovedfunn kommer viktigheten av balanse i foreldres og andre støttepersoners involvering frem, samt viktigheten av å informere omgangskretsen. Det siste hovedfunnet omhandler at barna følte seg annerledes og alene. Nøkkelord: Diabetes type 1, kronisk sykdom, sykepleier, barn, mestring, veiledning, undervisning

Epidemiology and outcome of sepsis in adult patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a Norwegian county 1993–2011: an observational study

90-day mortality in relation to patient characteristics prior to infection. Table S1a. 90-day mortality in relation to gender. Table S2. 90-day mortality in relation to disease acquisition, severity, focus and time period. (DOCX 22 kb

Reliability and Validity of the HD-PRO-TriadTM, a Health-Related Quality of Life Measure Designed to Assess the Symptom Triad of Huntington\u27s Disease.

BACKGROUND: Huntington\u27s disease (HD), is a neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairments that diminish health related quality of life (HRQOL). The HD-PRO-TRIADTM is a quality of life measure that assesses health concerns specific to individuals with HD. Preliminary psychometric characterization was limited to a convenience sample of HD participants who completed measures at home so clinician-ratings were unavailable. OBJECTIVES: The current study evaluates the reliability and validity of the HD-PRO-TRIADTM in a well-characterized sample of individuals with HD. METHODS: Four-hundred and eighty-two individuals with HD (n = 192 prodromal, n = 193 early, and n = 97 late) completed the HD-PRO-TRIADTM questionnaire. Clinician-rated assessments from the Unified Huntington Disease Rating Scales, the short Problem Behaviors Assessment, and three generic measures of HRQOL (WHODAS 2.0, RAND-12, and EQ-5D) were also examined. RESULTS: Internal reliability for all domains and the total HD-PRO-TRIADTM was excellent (all Cronbach\u27s α \u3e0.93). Convergent and discriminant validity were supported by significant associations between the HD-PRO-TRIADTM domains, and other patient reported outcome measures as well as clinician-rated measures. Known groups validity was supported as the HD-PRO-TRIADTM differentiated between stages of the disease. Floor and ceiling effects were generally within acceptable limits. There were small effect sizes for 12-month change over time and moderate effect sizes for 24-month change over time. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support excellent internal reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, known groups validity, and responsiveness to change over time. The current study supports the clinical efficacy of the HD-PRO-TRIADTM. Future research is needed to assess the test-retest reliability of this measure